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The Reverse of Alegria de Pio / El revés de Alegría de Pío

12/5/2011

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_ After the difficult seven day journey through the Caribbean Sea with hunger and continuous seasickness, a new adversity awaited the expeditionaries of the Granma even before gaining the mainland. The yacht, by error, had arrived at a small stretch of swamp on the coast at Belic, causing the 82 men a strenuous effort of several hours in a quagmire of mud, mangroves and water.

This situation made the physical condition of the fighters even more precarious after the landing, which first Juan Manuel Marquez, and then Che, with his fine sense of humor, described that time as the "shipwreck" of the Granma.

By then the presence of expeditionary yacht had been reported, and large contingents of troops of the tyranny were moving towards the region, while warplanes flew over continuously looking for signs of the rebel column.

Under these conditions, on the morning of December 5, the revolutionary fighters camped on the edge of a sugarcane plantation in a place known as Alegria de Pio, preparing to rest and wait for the night.

Shortly after noon the first shots were heard, followed immediately by generalized shooting. The expeditionaries had been surprised by the enemy, and under intense fire, dispersed. Amid the confusion and the shooting all attempts to regroup were useless.

Three soldiers fell in battle. Others were wounded.

One way or another, 79 fighters were able to leave the site in small groups and in these difficult circumstances, lost contact, some continued their march toward the Sierra Maestra.

Pursued relentlessly by tyranny, 38 expeditionaries were caught by the soldiers and 18 of them were killed arbitrarily. The remaining 20 were judged by the Emergency Court of Santiago de Cuba and sentenced to six years in prison.

Other fighters managed to reach the cities and in them rejoined the revolutionary struggle.

Twenty days after the setback in Alegría de Pio, on December 25, 1956, Fidel and some 15 survivors, armed with a handful of guns, left the farm house of "Mongo" Perez, where they were provided effective help, and set off to the peaks of the Sierra Maestra "where, " as they stated in a document, "we will continue fighting until victory or death".

KILLED AFTER THE GRANMA LANDING:

1. Andrés Luján Vázquez, Chibás

2. Pedro Eduardo Reyes Canto

3. René Orestes Reiné García

4. Juan Manuel Márquez Rodríguez

5. Israel Cabrera Rodríguez

6. Miguel de Jesús Saavedra Pérez
 
7. Félix Elmuza Agaisse

8. Oscar Rodríguez Delgado

9. Armando Mestre Martínez

10. Tomás David Royo Valdés

11. Santiago Liberato Hirzel González, Jimmy

12. Luis Arcos Bergnes

13. Noelio Capote Figueroa

14. Raúl Florentino Suárez Martínez

15. Cándido González Morales

16. José Smith Comas

17. Humberto Raimundo Lamothe Coronado

18. José Ramón Martínez Álvarez

19. Miguel Cabañas Perojo
 
20. Antonio López Fernández, Ñico

21. René Bedia Morales

GRANMA
******************************************************************


El revés de Alegría de Pío

5 de diciembre de 1956

Tras la difícil travesía por el Mar Caribe de siete días de hambre y de mareos continuos, a los expedicionarios del Granma les aguardaba aún una nueva adversidad antes de ganar tierra firme. El yate, por un error, arribó a un pequeño tramo pantanoso de la costa de Belic lanzando a los 82 hombres a un extenuante esfuerzo de varias horas en una ciénaga de fango, mangle y agua.

Esta circunstancia hizo aún más precario el estado físico de los combatientes después del desembarco, que, primero Juan Manuel Márquez, y luego el Che, con su fino sentido del humor, describieron aquel momento como el "naufragio" del Granma.

Ya la presencia del yate expedicionario había sido denunciada, y fuertes contingentes de tropas de la tiranía se movilizaban hacia la región, en tanto que aviones de guerra sobrevolaban continuamente en busca de indicios de la columna rebelde.

En esas condiciones, en la mañana del 5 de diciembre, los combatientes revolucionarios acamparon a la orilla de un cañaveral, en un lugar conocido como Alegría de Pío, preparándose para descansar y esperar la noche.

Poco después del mediodía sonaron los primeros disparos, generalizándose de inmediato un cerrado tiroteo. Los expedicionarios habían sido sorprendidos por el enemigo, y bajo el intenso fuego, se dispersaron. En medio de la confusión y la balacera fueron inútiles todos los intentos por reagruparlos.

Tres combatientes cayeron en el combate. Otros fueron heridos.

De una forma u otra, 79 combatientes lograron retirarse del lugar en pequeños grupos y en esas difíciles circunstancias, perdidos los contactos, algunos prosiguieron la marcha rumbo a la Sierra Maestra.

Perseguidos encarnizadamente por la tiranía, 38 expedicionarios fueron apresados por la soldadesca y 18 de ellos asesinados alevosamente. Los 20 restantes fueron juzgados por el Tribunal de Urgencia de Santiago de Cuba y condenados a penas de seis años de prisión.

Otros combatientes lograron llegar a las ciudades y en ellas se reincorporaron nuevamente a la lucha revolucionaria.

Veinte días después del revés de Alegría de Pío, el 25 de diciembre de 1956, Fidel y unos 15 supervivientes, armados con un puñado de fusiles, dejaban la casa del campesino "Mongo" Pérez, que les brindó eficaz ayuda, y emprendían la marcha hacia los picos de la Sierra Maestra "donde —como consignaron en un documento— seguiremos luchando hasta vencer o morir".

Caídos tras el desembarco del Granma

1. Andrés Luján Vázquez, Chibás

2. Pedro Eduardo Reyes Canto

3. René Orestes Reiné García

4. Juan Manuel Márquez Rodríguez

5. Israel Cabrera Rodríguez

6. Miguel de Jesús Saavedra Pérez

7. Félix Elmuza Agaisse

8. Oscar Rodríguez Delgado

9. Armando Mestre Martínez

10. Tomás David Royo Valdés

11. Santiago Liberato Hirzel González, Jimmy

12. Luis Arcos Bergnes

13. Noelio Capote Figueroa

14. Raúl Florentino Suárez Martínez

15. Cándido González Morales

16. José Smith Comas

17. Humberto Raimundo Lamothe Coronado

18. José Ramón Martínez Álvarez

19. Miguel Cabañas Perojo

20. Antonio López Fernández, Ñico

21. René Bedia Morales

GRANMA


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