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José Martí’s Days in Cape Haiti / José Martí en Cabo Haitiano

5/19/2011

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Chronicles from Haiti

"My joy is enormous...; I can say that I’ve finally reached my full stature... I have not felt like a full man until today. I’ve lived ashamed and dragged the chain of my Homeland my entire life. The divine clarity of the soul makes my body feel lighter; this rest and well-being explains the perseverance and joy with which men offer themselves to sacrifice."

JUAN DIEGO NUSA PEÑALVER SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT

It was a very special, intimate afternoon full of tributes to a man who made Cubans great and respected, a man who fought and died for the Cuban people.

Picture
dr. GRISELDA DUVERGEL appears here next to haitian ESTHER NOEL, owner of the HOUSE 63, between 13 and 14 streets in cape haiti, where marti stayed in 1895.
There was no better way to pay homage to Jose Marti, Cuba’s National Hero, on the 116th anniversary of his death in the battlefield than to follow his steps in history and relive his days in Cape Haiti to be part of the sorrows and dreams of this man and remember his memory.

The capital of Saint Domingue –now Haiti-, during its days as a French colony, Cape Haiti is today a small port city with 180,000 inhabitants and full of life. Its narrow streets are cut in sharp angles as any traditional colonial city.

José Martí arrived in the city for the first time on September 9, 1892. He was on his way to Montecristi, the Dominican Republic, where he expected to interview General Máximo Gómez to offer him the military command of the independence war set to start on February 24, 1895.

He was there two more times in June 1893 and February 1895.

All the details of his days in Haiti and the Dominican Republic for the preparations of the independence war were depicted by Cuba’s National Hero, as Marti is also known, in his campaign diary From Montecristi to Cape Haiti.

A VISIT TO "MARTI’S" HOUSE

A group of Cuban internationalist health workers visited a modest three-storey house made of masonry. Its walls were painted white and its doors and windows were blue. In 1895, Marti stayed on the first floor of this house.

The front of the house has been altered with the years, however; time seems to have stopped when one walks through the door.

On their walls, which witnessed our hopes for independence at the time, three pictures are hung. One shows the Sacred Heart of Jesus, another one of the Pope John Paul II and the largest and oldest one, of Jose Marti.

Haitian Esther Noel, 41, told Granma newspaper reporters that the house is owned by her family. She has lived there with her mother, Madame Esperanza, since 1981.

She tells us that the house was previously lived in by her relatives and the picture of Marti has always been hung in the main wall of the "little living room" surrounded by a halo of deep worship.

"José Martí was a great General who fought for the independence of Cuba, he came to Haiti and he lived in this house where he met with some Haitians and Cubans to continue the independence conspiracy plans for the independence of his country," says Esther, who is a lawyer and a teacher. She adds she is proud of having that picture of Marti in her living room.

On the exterior of the house, there is a marble plate above the street door that remembers Marti’s stay in that place: "This is the house of Millevoye Mercier, where Jose Marti stayed after he was brought here by Dr. Ulpino Dellunde. April 1895. Haitian Committee for the 100th Anniversary of Jose Marti’s Birth. January 28, 1953."

This simple plate reveals the close friendship between Marti and Ulpino Dellunde, a Cuban doctor who provided Marti with accommodation several times and helped him to get arms for the war.

A street in Cape Haiti is named after Jose Marti, to reaffirm that he is much a part of this city where the histories of Cuba and Haiti once crossed.

GRANMA
**************
José Martí en Cabo Haitiano

“Es muy grande mi felicidad...; puedo decir que llegué, al fin, a mi plena naturaleza... Hasta hoy no me he sentido hombre. He vivido avergonzado y arrastrado la cadena de mi patria toda mi vida. La divina claridad del alma aligera mi cuerpo; este reposo y bienestar explican la constancia y el júbilo con que los hombres se ofrecen al sacrificio”.

JUAN DIEGO NUSA PEÑALVER Enviado especial

Fue una tarde muy especial, íntima, llena de reverencias a un hombre que hizo grandes y respetados a los cubanos, que luchó y murió por nosotros.

Picture
Foto del autor La doctora matancera Griselda Duvergel junto a la haitiana Esther Noel, dueña de la casa número 63, entre 13 y 14 de Cabo Haitiano, en la cual se alojó José Martí en 1895.
No hay mejor homenaje al Maestro, en el aniversario 116 de su caída en combate, que tener el privilegio de seguir sus huellas en la historia, su paso por Cabo Haitiano —la ciudad generosa que lo cobijó—, para sentir aunque sea por un instante el sufrimiento y los sueños del Hombre de La Edad de Oro y exaltar su memoria.

La que fue en su día capital de la posesión francesa de Saint-Domingue (actual Haití) es hoy una pequeña ciudad portuaria, hormigueante (con 180 000 habitantes) y muy vital. Sus calles estrechas, cortadas por ángulos agudos, siguen el trazado de la ciudad colonial.

José Martí llega por primera vez a esa ciudad el 9 de septiembre de 1892. Va camino de Montecristi donde espera entrevistarse con el General Máximo Gómez para ofrecerle la jefatura militar de la Guerra Necesaria.

Igualmente estuvo en esa urbe en junio de 1893 y febrero de 1895.

Precisamente los pormenores de los febriles meses por las repúblicas hermanas de Haití y República Dominicana, para desatar finalmente la guerra libertaria, los recoge nuestro Héroe Nacional en su Diario de campaña: "De Montecristi a Cabo Haitiano".

UNA VISITA A LA "CASITA" DE MARTÍ

Un grupo de nuestros colaboradores de la salud visitó una modesta edificación de mampostería de tres plantas, pintada de blanco y sus puertas y ventanas en azul, en cuya planta baja se alojó en 1895 nuestro José Martí.

La morada evidentemente sufrió transformaciones en su fachada; sin embargo, su interior parece detenido en el tiempo.

Sobre sus paredes, testigos entonces de nuestras ansias de independencia, solo cuelgan tres cuadros: uno del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, otro del desaparecido Papa Juan Pablo II y el de mayor tamaño y más antiguo de todos, de nuestro Apóstol.

La haitiana Esther Noel, de 41 años, señala a Granma que la residencia es una propiedad familiar, en la cual vive desde 1981 junto a su madre, madame Esperanza.

Expresa que antes vivieron allí otros de sus parientes y el cuadro de nuestro Martí siempre presidió el principal muro de la "salita", preservando ese halo de profunda veneración.

"José Martí fue un gran General, que luchó por la independencia de Cuba¼ , viajó a Haití y vivió en esta morada, en la cual se reunió con algunos haitianos y cubanos para continuar con los planes conspirativos independentistas", afirma Esther, profesora y abogada, que agrega que es un honor tener esa instantánea de Martí en la sala de su casa.

En el exterior de la vivienda, en la parte superior de la puerta de calle, una placa de mármol deja constancia para la historia de la huella martiana en el lugar: "Esta es la casa de Millevoye Mercier, en la cual se alojó José Martí traído por el doctor Ulpino Dellunde. Abril 1895. Comité haitiano por el centenario del natalicio del Apóstol. 28 de enero de 1953".

Esta sencilla tarja revela la estrecha amistad que mantuvo el autor del Ismaelillo con Ulpino Dellunde, médico cubano que hospedó varias veces a Martí en su propia casa y lo ayudó a conseguir armas para la guerra.

Una calle de Cabo Haitiano lleva el nombre de José Martí, reafirmando que ya es tan nuestro como de ese punto de la geografía haitiana, en la cual se cruzan las historias de dos pueblos hermanos.

GRANMA

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